Oesophageal cancer is cancer that can begin in any part of the oesophagus (lower, middle or upper).

There are two main types:

• Oesophageal adenocarcinoma – tarts in the mucus glands of the oesophagus. It usually develops in the lower part of the oesophagus at the junction with the stomach
• Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma – starts in the inner lining of the oesophagus. It often develops in the upper and middle part of the oesophagus

Causes of oesophageal cancer

It isn’t clear what causes oesophageal cancer. But some things can increase your risk. These include:

• A high-fat diet low in fruit and vegetables
• Being exposed to certain chemicals over a long period
• Being overweight or obese
• Having another oesophagus condition such as Barrett’s oesophagus
• Heavy drinking
• Smoking

Treatment of oesophageal cancer depends on its location (upper, middle, lower) and how advanced the cancer is. Your specialist doctor will discuss options with you which may include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Disclaimer
Any procedure including treatments involving radiation carry risks, including skin irritation and associated pain. Before proceeding with a referral for treatment, patients should be advised to seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner. As in any medical procedure, patient experiences and outcomes will vary.