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  • Patients
  • Exploring cancer care
  • Conditions we treat
  • Vaginal cancer

Introduction

Vaginal cancer

Vaginal cancer treatment at GenesisCare

We specialise in the latest techniques for treating all types of cancer, including vaginal cancer. We have teams of gynaecological oncologists and other specialists who are experts in this type of cancer. They work together to evaluate the most up-to-date treatments and procedures so we can offer you the best options without delay.

Short haired woman outdoors

Treatment overview

Chapter 1

Treatment overview

Cancers that start in the vagina (primary vaginal cancer) are very rare, and especially in people aged under 40. Fewer than 300 people in the UK are diagnosed with vaginal cancer each year.

Treatment typically depends on the type of vaginal cancer you have, whether it’s spread, where in the vagina it’s located, and your general health. Diagnosing vaginal cancer early often allows for more treatment options and better outcomes.

As the UK’s leading specialist independent cancer care provider, we offer you first-class treatments that will be managed by a team of specialists in vaginal cancer. You can be reassured that they’ll work closely with you to identify the best personalised care plan for your diagnosis.

The main treatments for vaginal cancer are radiotherapy and surgery. But you might be recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which may be referred to as chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiation.

To help ensure the best outcomes are achieved for you, we combine your treatment with personalised integrative cancer care which is proven to improve outcomes. This includes a programme of exercise medicine and access to a wellbeing expert and holistic therapies such as counselling, acupuncture, massage and reflexology through our unique partnership with the Penny Brohn UK charity.

It is our commitment to offer world-class cancer care to all of our patients, to achieve the best outcomes possible.

How is vaginal cancer treated?

There are a number of treatment options available for vaginal cancer. These include:

  • Radiotherapy– high-energy radiation beams maybe delivered externally and internally to destroy cancer cells while doing as little harm as possible to normal cells
  • Surgery– the type of surgery you have will depend on how big your cancer is and how far it has spread
  • Chemotherapy– anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs are used to destroy cancer cells
  • Chemoradiotherapy– radiotherapy is often combined with chemotherapy to treat vaginal cancer

Contact us

These web pages provide more information about small bowel cancer treatment at GenesisCare. If you'd like to contact us in confidence, we will be happy to answer any of your questions.

Enquire now

Diagnostics

Chapter 2

Diagnostics

Diagnostics
Biopsy
Blood tests
Ultrasound
CT Scan
PET/CT Scan
X-ray

We understand that this may be a very worrying time for you. But please remember that symptoms you may be experiencing can often be caused by other conditions, not only vaginal cancer. However, if you're concerned about vaginal cancer symptoms, you should speak with your GP.

How is vaginal cancer diagnosed?

You may undergo one or more of the following diagnostic tests if you’re showing signs of vaginal cancer.

Internal examination

A doctor will check the inside of your vagina and sometimes your back passage (rectum) for any lumps, swelling or anything unusual.

Colposcopy

A specialised microscope called a colposcope is used to look closely at your vagina and cervix.

 A sample of cells may be taken from the vagina.

This is the same test used for cervical screening. It checks for abnormal cells in the sample taken from the vagina.

 

 

 

Biopsy

A doctor may remove a small sample of tissue from your vagina, which is then examined under a microscope for signs of cancer.

Blood test

You might have blood tests to check your general health or help diagnose what is causing any symptoms you have.

 CT, MRI and PET-CT scans

Your doctor may arrange for you to have a CT scan, MRI scan or PET-CT to produce more detailed images of the inside your body. This helps your doctor know where in the vagina the cancer is and check if it’s present in other parts of the body so they’ll be able to recommend the best ways to treat it

Chest x-ray

You may have a chest X-ray to check your lungs and heart before surgery. You may also have one to find out if there is any cancer in your lungs.

Vaginal cancer symptoms

Symptoms of vaginal cancer can include:

  • bleeding after the menopause, between periods or after sex
  • a vaginal discharge that is blood stained or smells
  • pain when urinating, needing to urinate often, or blood in your urine
  • pain in the pelvic area that won’t go away
  • pain during sex
  • a lump or growth in the vagina that you or your doctor can feel
  • a vaginal itch that won’t go away
  • constipation
  • feeling unable to fully empty your bowels, even if there’s nothing in your bowels to come out
  • swelling in your legs

Please remember having one or more of the symptoms above doesn’t mean you have vaginal cancer. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions. But if you are concerned about vaginal cancer, you should speak to your GP to arrange an appointment.

Radiotherapy

Chapter 3

Radiotherapy

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)
Surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT)
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR)
Palliative radiotherapy

Radiotherapy uses targeted, high-energy radiation beams to destroy cancer cells. It is the main treatment for many people with vaginal cancer.

If you have stage 1, 2 or 3 vaginal cancer, you may have radical radiotherapy that aims to cure your cancer. This might also be possible for some people with stage 4A vaginal cancer.

You may also have radiotherapy to help control the symptoms of advanced vaginal cancer or if your cancer has returned. And sometimes people only have radiotherapy when surgery is not possible.

The type of radiotherapy your specialist recommends for you might be external radiotherapy, internal radiotherapy, or both.

At GenesisCare, we’re the leading private provider of radiotherapy in the UK and offer world-class expertise, state-of-the-art facilities and advanced radiotherapy techniques. Our latest-generation radiotherapy machines deliver highly targeted radiation beams with sub-millimetre accuracy, which makes them extremely effective and minimises the radiation dose to healthy tissues.

Our expert multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), consisting of oncologists, radiotherapists, and medical physicists, will oversee your radiotherapy treatment. By working closely together, they will put together a personalised treatment plan for you that ensures you always get the best possible care.

External radiotherapy for vaginal cancer

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a modern radiotherapy technique that directs beams of radiation in an arc across the treatment area. Together with surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT), it’s possible to precisely target areas of cancer, adjusting the beam and intensity of the radiation dose to allow for movements in the body and avoid healthy tissues.

Side effects of radiotherapy can occur when healthy tissues receive radiation, so using this technique helps to limit the dose to tissues and organs surrounding the tumour. At GenesisCare, we offer VMAT wherever possible, because it is widely recognised to be the highest standard of care currently available for patients needing this type of radiotherapy.

We also offer palliative VMAT radiotherapy for those living with advanced vaginal cancer. This type of treatment can help to shrink the cancer and control symptoms. We understand that fast access to palliative care is paramount, so we always do our best to provide treatment within 48 hours of a planning imaging scan.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) uses very focused high-energy radiation beams to treat tumours in five or fewer sessions, and is often used in place of surgery. If you’ve previously had radiotherapy to the pelvis, your consultant may suggest this as an option. This is because stereotactic treatment is so precise it can often mean re-treatment is possible.

Internal radiotherapy for vaginal cancer

There are two main types of internal radiotherapy for vaginal cancer. The first is interstitial radiotherapy, which involves a doctor placing radioactive needles, tubes or seeds into the cancer. The second is intracavity brachytherapy, which involves a doctor gently inserting an applicator (hollow tube) into the vagina to give radiation treatment. It’s usually given as an inpatient procedure at a hospital.

Our consultant oncologists work closely with cancer specialists from locally and nationally renowned hospitals. So if your consultant recommends that you need internal radiotherapy, they’ll arrange this at one of our partner hospitals and ensure you receive the best possible treatment and care. You can then continue any further treatments at GenesisCare.

Side effects of radiotherapy

No treatment is without side effects. Your doctor will explain these to you before you start your course of radiotherapy. They will also discuss how your treatment plan and supportive care can help to manage or minimise these side effects.

Contact us

These web pages provide more information about small bowel cancer treatment at GenesisCare. If you'd like to contact us in confidence, we will be happy to answer any of your questions.

Enquire now
Treatment equipment

Surgery

Chapter 4

Surgery

If your consultant recommends surgery for your vaginal cancer, the type of operation you have will depend on the size of your cancer, where it is in your vagina and how far it has spread.

Our cancer specialists have close relationships with top surgeons from local and nationally renowned hospitals. They’ll work with them and other gynaecological experts to decide the best course of treatment for you. This can be arranged conveniently at one of our partner hospitals. You can then continue your other treatments at GenesisCare.

Drug treatments

Chapter 5

Drug treatments

At GenesisCare, we offer many of the newest drug therapies that can be used to treat and manage vaginal cancer. Depending on how these treatments are provided, you may need to attend one of our private chemotherapy suites, which are staffed by our specialist nurses.

Our compassionate nursing teams are available 24/7 on a dedicated on-call telephone service, and they can answer any queries during your treatment. They can also provide advice about side effects and symptoms, and help to arrange appropriate medical care when needed.

There are different types of drug treatments, also called systemic anti-cancer therapies. Our expert teams continually review and assess new treatments to make these available to our patients as early as possible.
All GenesisCare centres have received the Macmillan Quality Environment Mark, which is awarded to cancer environments that go above and beyond to create welcoming and friendly spaces for people living with cancer.

Chemotherapy for vaginal cancer

Chemotherapy uses cytotoxic (anti-cancer) drugs to destroy cancer cells. However, chemotherapy is not often used on its own to treat vaginal cancer. Your specialist is more likely to recommend you have chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy, which is also known as chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiation.

There may also be opportunities to access clinical trials for the newest drug treatments for vaginal cancer.

Immunotherapy for vaginal cancer

Immunotherapies work by helping your body’s own immune system to recognise and fight the cancer.

Palliative care for vaginal cancer

If your cancer has spread to other parts of the body, it may be called advanced, metastatic or stage 4 vaginal cancer. At GenesisCare, your specialist may recommend palliative drug treatment for advanced vaginal cancer to reduce the size and progress of your cancer and ease pain and other symptoms.

Side effects of drug treatment

No treatment is without side effects. Your doctor will explain these to you before you start your course of chemotherapy. They will also discuss how your treatment plan and supportive care can help to manage or minimise these side effects.

Integrative care

Chapter 6

Integrative care

Exercise medicine
Penny Brohn UK

At GenesisCare, we do more than just treat your cancer. As part of our unique and integrative approach to cancer care, you can expect the best possible care and a personalised treatment plan that includes access to life-changing therapies which are proven to improve cancer-related outcomes. These therapies will be tailored to you to help you manage and cope with your cancer as well as the specific side effects of treatment.

Exercise medicine

Exercise medicine is a personalised programme of carefully planned and supported physical activity that has been shown to improve outcomes for cancer patients, enhancing quality of life and limiting the impact of cancer, such as by improving strength and reducing fatigue. One of our physiotherapists specialising in exercise for people living with cancer will provide a 12-week programme tailored to your needs and supported by our dedicated GenesisCare Exercise Medicine app. They‘ll work closely with you to monitor changes in your health and support you throughout the programme to help you get the best results. This is available at selected GenesisCare centres.

Wellbeing

We also offer a wellbeing expert and holistic therapies such as counselling, acupuncture, massage and reflexology through our unique partnership with the Penny Brohn UK charity. A range of services is available to all small bowel cancer patients at any of our 14 UK centres.

Why choose us?

Chapter 7

Why choose us?

Cancer Research UK
Macmillan Cancer Support
The Eve Appeal

GenesisCare is a leading private provider of cancer care, offering the latest innovations and techniques that are proven to be safe and effective. If you choose us for small bowel cancer treatment you will be under the care of a team of experts, including consultant oncologists, surgeons and dietitians. They will design a personalised care plan based around your diagnosis and preferences, with treatment starting within days if needed. Every patient is also supported through their journey with life-changing therapies, such as exercise medicine and psychological support.

Our dedicated cancer centres are convenient and easy-to-access. You can use your private medical insurance, and we‘re recognised by all leading insurers.

We‘re proud that so many patients rate our care as excellent as we help them through their cancer journey. Find out more about the unique experiences of people who have had their cancer diagnosis or treatment at GenesisCare in our patient stories section.

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