Brain tumours are lumps of abnormal cells that have formed in the brain. If a tumour starts in the brain, it’s a primary tumour. If it has spread from another place in the body, it’s a secondary tumour or brain metastasis. These tumours don’t often spread to other parts of the body.

As a brain tumour grows it takes up more space, increasing pressure in the skull and causing symptoms. Most tumours affect one side of the body more than the other.

The cranial nerves extend directly out of the base of the brain.

Tumours starting in cranial nerves can cause:

• Vision problems
• Trouble swallowing
• Hearing loss in one or both ears
• Facial paralysis, numbness, or pain

The spinal cord has bundles of very long nerve fibres. They carry signals that control muscles, sensation or feeling, and bladder and bowel control.

• Most spinal cord tumours start in the neck and can cause symptoms in the arms and legs, as well as affecting bowel and bladder function
• Spinal cord tumours below the neck only affect the legs and bowel and bladder function
• Spinal cord tumours usually cause symptoms on both sides of the body (for example, weakness or numbness of both legs). This is different from most brain tumours, which often affect only one side of the body
• Spinal cord tumours can cause weakness, paralysis, or numbness

• Headaches
• Tiredness
• Feeling sick
• Vomiting
• Changes to vision, speech and hearing
• Fits

The exact location of the tumour in the brain influences the kind of symptoms you may have. But these symptoms could also be caused by other medical conditions.

Neuro-oncology is the study and treatment of tumours that are found in the spinal cord or brain. At GenesisCare, we're a specialist provider of neuro-oncology. We use stereotactic radiosurgery - a radiotherapy known for its advanced 'brain-sparing' approach to brain tumours. We also have an expert team of specialists who work together to provide a treatment plan unique to you.

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